Media-independent Pre-Authentication (MPA) MPA is a mobile-assisted higher-layer authentication, authorization and handover scheme that is performed before establishing L2 connectivity to a network where mobile may move in near future MPA provides a secure and seamless mobility optimization that works for Inter-subnet handoff, Inter-domain handoff and Inter-technology handoff MPA works with any mobility management protocol Time Conventional Method AP Discovery AP Switching MPA Pre-authentication IP address configuration & IP handover Time Client Authentication Packet Loss Period |