MPA Phases Pre-authentication: EAP pre-authentication to CTN (Candidate Target Network) Pre-configuration: Proactive IP address acquisition from CTN Pre-switching: L3 HO execution over MN-nAR tunnel Switching: L2 handover Post-switching: Tunnel deletion Not all MPA phases have to be executed and can be replaced with other mechanisms MPA Operation can stop at phase 1 (pre-auth only) or at phase 2 (pre-auth + pre-authorization), |