Requirement #2: “Small” Number of Messages Emergency calls are a lower security bar Users are anonymous at L2 in this scenario – user accounts not required Acceptable to eliminate some crypto features (e.g. perfect forward secrecy) to reduce message count and handshake time Implementation of L2 security within AP should be possible; some networks may look up access rights via AS Each round-trip message adds latency Wireless latency is small, AP-to-AS latency can be larger depending on deployment |