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Challenge 1: Router Support
Granularity of router functions
Several degrees of freedom concerning router involvement: from some few additional functions in NM procedures until additional per packet processing
Different amounts and type of state can be kept in routers (no per-flow state, partial state - soft state, hard state).
Additional router processing = challenge for Internet scalability that could also increase the end-to-end latencies.
Example: synchronization mechanisms for state information among parallel processing entities, which are e.g. used in high-speed router hardware designs.

Open issues:
What granularity of router processing can be realized without affecting the Internet scalability?
How can additional processing efforts be kept at a minimum?
PPT Version