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CC and Internet protocols Departing from pure stateless model: Implicit feedback: AQM in routers, e.g., RED and all its variants, xCHOKE [Pan00], RED with In/Out (RIO) [Clark98], etc. improves performance by keeping queues small (implicit feedback) Explicit feedback: ECN [Floyd94] [RFC3168] passes one bit of congestion information back to senders (so limited) Note: requirement of extreme scalability together with robustness has been a difficult hurdle to accelerating information flow |